Medical Student Finals Question Bank

A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue and jaundice. Her lab results show a positive anti-mitochondrial antibody and a high alanine transaminase (ALT) level. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A clinical trial is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new drug for treating hypertension. The trial includes 100 patients, 50 of whom receive the new drug and 50 of whom receive a placebo. The primary outcome measure is the reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP). What is the appropriate statistical test to compare the effectiveness of the new drug versus the placebo in reducing SBP?

What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in the elderly population?

A 45-year-old female presents with a rapidly growing, painless mass in the right side of her neck. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass reveals that it is a thyroid neoplasm. What is the most likely histological type of this neoplasm?

A patient presents with a sudden onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. An echocardiogram is performed and shows an left atrial mass with a mobile, pedunculated appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What is the most common cause of minimal change disease?

A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and previous myocardial infarction presents with symptoms of shortness of breath, fatigue, and oedema. His examination reveals a raised JVP and bilateral pitting oedema. On examination, his heart rate is 110 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. He has an S3 gallop and bilateral pitting oedema. His B-type natriuretic peptide level is elevated. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?

What is the difference between a sample and a population in statistical terms?

What type of murmur is heard throughout systole and diastole and caused by a patent ductus arteriosus?

What is the difference between a Type I error and a Type II error?

A 35-year-old male presents with palpitations and shortness of breath. His ECG shows a regular rhythm with a rate of 180 beats per minute and a wide QRS complex of 160 ms. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What type of murmur is caused by mitral regurgitation?

45-year-old female presents with a right-sided neck mass. Fine needle aspiration biopsy reveals papillary carcinoma. What are the most common genetic changes seen in papillary thyroid cancer?

A 75-year-old woman is diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (30% on ECHO). Her ECG shows QRS width 180ms with a left bundle branch block pattern. She is on bisoprolol, sacubitril/valsartan, eplerenone, dapagliflozin and furosemide. Despite this medical management, she continues to experience symptoms of heart failure and her ejection fraction remains low. Which of the following is the next appropriate management strategy?

A 45-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with a 6-month history of excessive worry and anxiety, although she cannot pinpoint any specific triggers to her anxiety. She reports difficulty sleeping, muscle tension, and difficulty concentrating. She also reports that her symptoms are interfering with her daily activities. What is the most likely diagnosis?