Medical Student Finals Question Bank

A population is the entire group of individuals or objects of interest in a study, while a sample is a smaller group of individuals or objects selected from that population to represent the population as a whole.

The patient's symptoms of right-sided abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, along with the physical examination findings of right upper quadrant tenderness and a positive Murphy's sign are consistent with a diagnosis of cholecystitis.

Erythema nodosum is a type of inflammatory skin condition characterized by raised, red-purple plaques on the lower extremities.

The patient's low serum sodium level, low serum osmolality, and decreased blood pressure are consistent with hyponatremia. The examination findings are consistent with hypovolaemia, which goes against SIADH, hypothyroidism and cirrhosis. The high urine osmolality suggests that the patient is maximally concentrating their urine, which is consistent with cerebral salt wasting. Diabetes insipidus produces hypernatremia.

The ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the hand and providing sensation to the little finger and ring finger. Numbness and tingling in the little finger and ring finger is most likely caused by a lesion or injury to the ulnar nerve.

IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is caused by the deposition of IgA in the glomeruli, resulting in inflammation and scarring.

The deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction and is innervated by the axillary nerve. Damage to the axillary nerve can cause weakness in shoulder abduction.

As the patient has a history of asthma, the most appropriate initial management would be a calcium channel blocker (adenosine contraindicated). The patient is haemodynamically stable, so DC cardioversion is not currently indicated.

The most common clinical presentation of membranous glomerulonephritis is nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.

Early diastolic murmurs are heard during diastole and are caused by a stenotic mitral valve. They are usually heard best at the apex of the heart and can radiate to the axilla.

Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, leading to a diffuse, nontender goiter and symptoms such as heat intolerance, tremors, and weight loss. The laboratory findings of low TSH and high free T4 and free T3 levels are consistent with hyperthyroidism, which is a common presentation of Grave's disease.

Asthma exacerbation is characterized by bronchospasm and bronchoconstriction which can cause shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightness. The most appropriate first-line therapy for this patient's asthma exacerbation would be bronchodilators which provide quick relief of symptoms by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle.

The patient's symptoms and physical examination findings are consistent with pneumonia, an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria or viruses. Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasm, bronchitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes, Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the lung's artery caused by a blood clot and tuberculosis is a chronic lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The patient's clinical presentation, ECG findings, and risk factors are consistent with anterolateral STEMI. The ECG findings of ST-segment elevation in leads V3-V6 and I and aVL suggests it is in the anterolateral region.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by a bacterial or viral infection. It can cause symptoms such as sudden onset of severe headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, and nausea.