Medical Student Finals Question Bank

A 55-year-old female presents with chest pain, shortness of breath, and ECG showing ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V3. She has no history of significant heart disease. An echocardiogram reveals an apical ballooning pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient presents with a rash on their lower extremities, which is non-pruritic and non-scaling. Physical examination reveals raised, red-purple plaques. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 40-year-old male presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. His lab results show a positive Pneumocystis jirovecii antibody. Which of the following is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

A study is conducted to determine the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. The study includes 1000 participants, 800 of whom are smokers and 200 are non-smokers. The results show that the incidence of lung cancer in smokers is 20% and the incidence in non-smokers is 5%. What is the relative risk of lung cancer in smokers compared to non-smokers?

A patient presents with symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, including weight gain, moon face, and skin changes. Laboratory testing reveals high levels of cortisol and low levels of ACTH. A CT scan shows a tumour in the patient's lung. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What type of statistical analysis is used to compare the means of two groups?

A 35-year-old woman presents with a 3-week history of lower abdominal pain and constipation. She has a medical history of Crohn's disease. On examination, she is found to have a palpable mass in the left lower quadrant. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 30-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with chest pain and shortness of breath. His ECG shows a supraventricular tachycardia with a narrow QRS complex. Heart rate is 160bpm and BP 123/82. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?

A clinical trial is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new drug for treating hypertension. The trial includes 100 patients, 50 of whom receive the new drug and 50 of whom receive a placebo. The primary outcome measure is the reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP). What is the appropriate statistical test to compare the effectiveness of the new drug versus the placebo in reducing SBP?

A study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of developing diabetes. The study includes 1000 participants and the results show that the prevalence of diabetes is higher in individuals with a BMI >25. What is the appropriate statistical test to determine the strength of the association between BMI and diabetes?

What type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by the presence of immune complexes within the glomeruli?

What is the most common cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

A patient presents with a sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnoea. A chest x-ray shows a widened mediastinum. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient presents with progressive weakness and difficulty walking over the last 5 months. An MRI of the spine shows a diffuse, longitudinally extensive lesions in the spinal cord. A lumbar puncture is performed and the cerebrospinal fluid shows a high white blood cell count and oligoclonal bands. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient presents with severe neck pain, weakness in the left arm and hand, and numbness in the left thumb and index finger. What nerve root is most likely involved in this presentation?